Liner for crushers



March 5, 1.968l R. 1 GASPARAC ET AL 3,371,875

LINER FOR cRUsHERs Filed OCT.. 2l, 1965 March 5, 1968 R. J. GA SPARAC ETAL LINER FOR CRUSHERS 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Oct. 2l, 1965 United StatesPatent Office 3,371,875 LINER FOR CRUSHERS Rudolph J. Gasparac,Milwaukee, and Arnold P. Szaj,

Hales Corners, Wis., assignors to Nordberg Manufacturing Company,Milwaukee, Wis., a corporation of Wisconsin Filed Oct. 21, 1965, Ser.No. 499,427 Claims. (Cl. 241299) ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Theinvention relates to an improvement in bowl liners for Crushers in whichhelical wedge receiving surfaces are employed, adjacent surfaces beinghelically disposed in opposite directions, whereby to provide aself-locking effect in response to the rotation of the bowl liner ineither direction.

This invention is in the field of material reduction machines and isconcerned, among other things, with an im proved Crusher with a gyratedhead. A primary object is to provide an improved bowl liner for suchCrushers.

Another object is to provide an improved locking arrangement for suchbowl liners.

Other purposes will appear from time to time in the course of thespecification and claims.

The invention is illustrated more or less diagrammatically in theaccompanying drawings wherein:

FIGURE 1 is a partial, vertical, radial section through a crusherillustrating the invention;

` FIGURE 2 is a side elevation, on a smaller scale, of the bowl liner;

FIGURE 3 is a plan View of the liner shown in FIG- URE 2;

FIGURE 4 is a partial side elevation, on an enlarged scale, of thestructure of FIGURE 3, as illustrated at 4-4 in that figure;

FIGURE 5 is a section, on an enlarged scale, on the -line 5--5 of FIGURE3; and

FIGURE 6 is a section, on an enlarged scale, on the line 6-6 of FIGURE3.

Like parts are indicated by like symbols throughout the specificationand drawings.

Referring to the drawings, FIGURE 1 illustrates parts of a Crusherstructure, the details of the Crusher as a whole not forming part of thepresent invention. The present application is an improvement on thestructure shown in copending application Ser. No. 228,533, filed in theUnited States Patent Office on Oct. 5, 1962, in the name of Loren G.Symons, which issued on Feb. 15, 1966 asPatent No. 3,235,190. It will beunderstood that the type of ycrusher with which the present invention isused includes a circumferential main frame, not herein shown, a tiltingring mounted on the upper edge of the main frame, to provide an overloadrelease, and a bowl adjustable on the tilting ring. The bowl isindicated in section in FIGURE 1, as 1. It includes the outwardlyextending adjusting threads 2. It has an inwardly extending bowl portionhaving a generally conic lower Vsurface 3 and a generally plane upperannular surface 4, the purpose of which will later appear. Forconvenience, the bowl has pockets shown at 5. The particular bowl linerherein shown includes a lower, generally conic portion 6 and an upwardlyextending, generally cylindrical portion 7 having a circumferential,outwardly extendingA guide flange or positioning flange 8 and an upperange 9, the elements of which will later be described. The bowl is shownas including an inner cylindrical surface 10 of a slightly greaterdiameter than the exterior diameters of the flanges 8 and 9 of the bowlliner. Thus the bowl liner 3,371,875 Patented Mar. 5, 1968 may beupwardly inserted through the aperture dened by the cylindrical face 10.An opposed crushing member, the details of which form no part of thepresent invention, is gyrated within the bowl. A mantle is indicated,having a generally conic crushing portion 12. It will be understood thatby suitable means, not herein shown, a head is gyrated, and carries withit the member 12, moving it toward and away from the liner 6 in order toreduce such particles as are fed from above into the space between themembers 6 and 12. The reduced particles escape through the lower, outergap between the members 6 and 12 and are received for further treatmentor transportation by means not herein shown.

A primary purpose of the present invention is to provide an improvedwear-taking part for Crushers having gyrated heads, the partconstituting, preferably, a bowl liner defining the upper or outersurface of the crushing cavity. Another primary purpose of the presentinvention is to provide improved locking means :for such a bowl liner,the locking means being associated with the improved design of the bowlliner, whereby the bowl liner will automatically tighten itself in thecourse of its use.

In securing the bowl liner 6, 7 in position, it is upwardly insertedthrough the opening of the cylindrical surface 10 until it abuts theconic surface 3 of the bowl .1. Similarly, when freed, `the bowlstructure or bowl liner may be downwardly freely removed through thebowl 1 when removal is desired. Simple means are provided for holdingthe bowl liner in position without the use of any complicated structure,and without the use of any securing means which can get so packed withmaterial or dust during use as to cause difficulties in remo-val. Aswill be clear from FIGURE l, the ring 3 includes a generally plane uppersurface 4. Wedges 20 rest thereon, and may be thrust inwardly toward andbeneath the upper flange 9 of the bowl liner by the use of thrust nuts21 mounted on bolts or threaded shanks 22, the heads 23 of which areformed to be held in any suitable sockets or apertures or upwardly openslots 24 formed in the bowl 1. Tightening the thrust nut 21 has aneffect to force the wedge 20 to the right, referring to the position ofthe parts of FIGURE 1. Its wedge surface 20a underlies the flange 9, andits inner end 2012 is so proportioned as to avoid movement limitingengagement with the outer surface of the cylindrical portion 7 of thebowl liner.

It will be observed that the outer surface of the flange 9 is composedof a sequence of helical locking surfaces. These surfaces arecontinuous, the closest approach to the center A of the bowl liner beingindicated at X in FIG- URE 3, where the section 6-6 is taken, and themost remote part being at Y, where the section 5 5 is taken. It will beobserved from FIGURE 3 that each wedge segment is helically divergentfrom its adjacent wedge segments. Thus, going clockwise about the bowlliner, one wedge surface will extend from Y to X, from a maximum to aminium diameter, whereas the next Wedge surface will extend from a pointof minimum diameter to a point of maximum diameter. This sequencecontinues throughout the circumference of the flange 9.

Likewise, the lower outer surface of the flange 9 is spiraled, as shownin FIGURE 4, to form a series of wedge surfaces extending between points9a and 9b. The point 9a is indicated also on the section of FIGURE 5,and the point 9b on the section of FIGURE 6. In effect, the flange 9 isbroken into a series of wedge surfaces which are both helical andspiral, in the sense that, as you advance from 9a to 9b, the outer edgeof the flange moves from Y to X, and the lower surface of the flangemoves from 9a to 9b. The effect of this combination of helix and spiralwill later be discussed in detail. But when the wedges 20 are thrustinwardly against the abutting sur- 3 faces of the ange 9, the result ofthe formation of the flange is to provide a self-locking effect.

In use the wedges '20 may be differentially forced in against thelocking surfaces formed about the outer edge of the fiange 9. They areforced in by rotation of the thrust nuts 21 until the bowl liner 6, 7 ispulled firmly upwardly against the lower bowl surface 3. The directionof the helix engaged by each wedge is such that the liner tends totighten itself on the faces of the wedges. The upper or reinforcing orlocking ange 9 is continuous, and has an outwardly, generally continuouslower surface, the nature of the contact between the wedges and thehelices and spirals rendering the liner self-tightening. Each of thesurfaces, such as the one extending from X to Y in FIG- URE 3, or from9b to 9a in FIGURE 4, is both eccentrically and helically disposedrelative to the axis of the crusher. The point of maximum downwardhelical excursion, as at 9a, lies within the circumferential interior ofthe supporting surface 4, or of the cylindrical surface 10, when theliner is properly positioned at the bowl. The point of maximum outwardeccentric excursion, as at Y, lies within the circumferential interiorof the supporting surface, so that the liner is easily inserted andremoved.

The effect of this combination of the helically and eccentricallydisposed surface is that the reactive thrust against the wedge face a isat a distinct angle, such as along the broken line indicated at Z inFIGURE l. This has the advantage that the line of reaction will falloutside of the inner edge of the supporting surface 10. This is to saythat the reaction will fall on the supporting surface, as indicated bythe broken line.

Since the fiange 9 is bounded by a series of spirals and helices, whichare inclined to each other, the operation is the same regardless ofwhether or not the bowl liner may tend to rotate or creep clockwise orcounter-clockwise. In either event, there is a series of spiraled andhelical surfaces against which the wedges 20 thrust.

It will be realized that whereas we have shown a practical and operativedevice, and a practical form of bowl liner, nevertheless many changesmay be made in size, shape, number and disposition of parts. Thus theshape and the location of the crushing surfaces of the bowl liner 6, '7may be widely varied. Likewise, there are permissible variations in theformation of the wedge surfaces, and in the shape of the flange 9, andin the details of the bowl structure with which the bowl liner is used.We wish our description and drawings to be taken, therefore, as in abroad sense illustrative or diagrammatic.

We claim:

1. In a bowl liner for gyratory crushers and the like, a generallyfrusto-conic body having about its upper edge an outwardly extendingcontinuous flange adapted to receive locking wedges, the lower outersurface of said flange being formed into a plurality of wedge receivingsurfaces, each of which is eccentrically and helically disposed relativeto the liner axis such that the liner will tend to be self-tightening onthe bowl, the surfaces being arranged in a continuous series throughoutthe flange, each such surface being eccentric in relation to theadjacent surfaces, adjacent surfaces being helic'ally disposed inopposite directions, whereby to provide oppositely effective wedgereceiving surfaces, at'either direction of rotation of the liner in thecourse of its use.

2. In a bowl liner for gyratory crushers and the like, a generallyfrusto-conic body having about its upper edge an outwardly extendingcontinuous flange adapted to receive locking wedges, the lower, outersurface of said flange being formed into a plurality of wedge receivingsurfaces each of which is eccentrically and helically disposed relativeto the liner axis, whereby the liner will tend to be self-tightening onthe bowl, the outer, lower surface of the ange defining a continuousseries of such eccen trically and helically disposed surfaces, each suchsurface differing from the adjacent surfaces in its eccentricity and itsspiral pitch, adjacent surfaces being helically disposed in oppositedirections whereby to provide adjacent, oppositely effective wedgereceiving surfaces, at either direction of rotation of the liner in thecourse of its use.

3. In a bowl liner for gyratory crushers and like, a generallyfrusto-conic body having about its edge an outwardly extending flange,continuous about its circumference, adapted to receive locking wedges,the lower outer surface of the ange being formed into a plurality ofsurfaces each of which is eccentrically and helically disposed relativeto the liner axis such that the liner will tend to be self-tightening onthe bowl, the surfaces being arranged in a uniform and continuous seriesthroughout the ange, each such surface being eccentric in relation tothe adjacent surfaces, the adjacent surfaces being helically disposed inopposite directions, whereby to provide oppositely effective wedgereceiving surfaces adapted to cooperate with each wedge employed ateither direction of rotation of the liner in the course of its use.

4. A bowl liner for use in gyratory crushers and the like, with meansfor supporting and securing the liner in relation to the bowl supportwith the Crusher having a supporting, upwardly facing annular surfaceabout the upper end of the bowl liner, the improvement comprising agenerally frusto-conic metal body adapted to be disposed generallyupright in such Crusher, small end up, and having an outwardlyextending, generally continuous ange about its upper end disposedcircumferentially about the upper end of the liner and having agenerally continuous lower surface, the liner being constructed so thatwhen it is properly positioned in the Crusher the lower surface of theange will be at a level slightly above the supporting surface of thecrusher, the lower surface of the flange being divided into a series ofseparate lock receiving surfaces, each of the separate surfacesincreasing helically in excursion in a direction such that the linerwill tend to be self-tightening in use, adjacent surfaces beinghelically disposed in opposite directions, whereby the liner will tendto be self-tightening in use at either direction of rotation of theliner, the maximum helical downward excursion of each such surface lyingin a pla-ne generally above the supporting surface of the Crusher whenthe liner is properly positioned in the crusher.

5. In a bowl liner for gyratory crushers and the like, a generallyfrusto-conic metal body having about its upper edge an outwardlyextending continuous iiange adapted to receive radially inwardly movinglocking members, the lower outer surfaces of the flange being formedinto a plurality of receiving surfaces, each of which is helicallydisposed relative to the liner axis such that the liner will tend to beself-tightening on the bowl, in response to the inward radial movementof locking members, the surfaces being arranged in a continuous seriesthroughout the flange, the adjacent surfaces being helically disposed inopposite directions whereby to provide opposite effective lock-receivingsurfaces at either direction of rotation of the liner in the course ofits use.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,235,190 2/1966 Symons 241-299ANDREW R. IUHASZ, Primary Examiner,

